Evolution of Patients with Prediabetes in Primary Healthcare Setting

Abstract

The evolution of prediabetes in the primary care setting is of significant clinical and organizational interest, as this stage offers an opportunity for the effective prevention of the progression from carbohydrate metabolism disorders to type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to examine the dynamics of glycemic parameters in patients with prediabetes monitored in primary care facilities and to identify factors determining the likelihood of the condition regressing or progressing. The study included patients with newly diagnosed prediabetes who underwent a baseline assessment comprising fasting blood glucose measurement, an oral glucose tolerance test, and an evaluation of anthropometric parameters. Follow-up assessments tracked changes in body weight and adherence to non-pharmacological interventions and drug therapy. It was found that while a significant proportion of patients continued to exhibit signs of impaired carbohydrate metabolism, others showed a normalization of glycemic parameters. Progression to type 2 diabetes was more frequently observed in individuals with higher baseline blood glucose levels and excess body weight. Weight loss and regular physical activity were associated with the regression of prediabetes. Insufficient adherence to lifestyle modification recommendations was noted. The study concludes that active monitoring and structured preventive programs for patients with prediabetes are essential at the primary care level.