Adjuvant effect of recombinant Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 on antibacterial and antiviral immunity

Abstract

One of the main problems in modern immunology is related to the regulation of the immune response. The intensity of the immune response to the introduction of a foreign antigen depends on many factors, such as the functional state of the body, its genetic characteristics, as well as the properties of the antigen itself, the dose, and the administration schedule. Immune response regulation is particularly important due to the need to ensure reliable post-vaccination immunity. Currently, there is an increase in both acute and chronic infectious diseases. Individuals with long-term illnesses constitute a risk group that is most susceptible to infections and should be vaccinated first. Individuals with immunodeficiency respond poorly or not at all to vaccines. Ensuring an adequate immune response to vaccination in individuals with weakened immune function and manifestations of immunodeficiency is a pressing issue. Increased vaccination effectiveness is achieved through the use of adjuvants---substances that enhance the immune response when administered concurrently with the antigen. The aim of the study was to investigate the immunostimulating properties of cytokine preparations in experimental models, including a model with induced immunosuppression, during immunization of animals with a hepatitis B vaccine; to validate methods for determining the specific activity of recombinant human cytokine preparations - Alnorin (rhTNFα) and Befnorin (rhTNFβ) - and to certify industry standard samples. Experimental models showed that the studied cytokine preparations - Betaleukin (rhIL-1β), Roncoleukin (rhIL-2), Affinoleukin and Immunofan - exert an immunoadjuvant effect during immunization of experimental animals with a hepatitis B vaccine. Simultaneous administration of the hepatitis B vaccine with cytokine preparations increases the intensity of the immune response in animals. Validation of methods for determining the specific activity of rhTNFα and rhTNFβ preparations was carried out. Standards for determining specific activity have been developed and certified.